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Competition Act 2002: Provisions for Mergers and Acquisitions The Competition Act, 2002, represents a paradigm shift in India's approach to regulating market competition. Moving away from the restrictive focus of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices...

Takeover Defence Strategies/Tactics 1. Poison Pill A poison pill is a tactic used to make a takeover attempt less appealing by imposing significant costs or difficulties on the acquirer after the takeover. This is achieved through various mechanisms: Shareh...

Business Valuation Business valuation, also known as company valuation, is the process of determining the economic worth of a business. This involves assessing all aspects of the company, including the market value of its various divisions or units. The goal ...

1. Market Capitalization Description: This is the simplest valuation method, primarily used for publicly traded companies. Calculation: Market Capitalization = Share Price * Number of Outstanding Shares Advantages: Easy to calculate. Disadvantages: Only a...

Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analysis in Business Valuation Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis is a crucial valuation technique used to estimate the intrinsic value of a business or investment. It's particularly important during the due diligence phase of merge...

Economic Value Added (EVA) Economic Value Added (EVA), also known as Economic Profit, measures the return generated by a company or project that exceeds the investors' required rate of return (hurdle rate or cost of capital). It's based on the Residual Income ...

Sensitivity Analysis in Financial Planning Sensitivity analysis is a technique used in financial planning to understand how changes in input variables (independent variables) affect the outcome variable (dependent variable) under specific conditions. It's a va...

Slump Sale and Capital Gains Tax Calculation A slump sale involves the transfer of all assets and liabilities of a business unit or an entire undertaking for a single lump sum consideration, without assigning individual values to each asset. This has specific...

Synergy Valuation and Merger Analysis Synergy in a merger refers to the additional value created by combining two businesses, exceeding the sum of their individual values. This extra value arises from cost reductions, increased revenue, or both. Synergy valua...

Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a methodical technique for evaluating the benefits and drawbacks of options that meet a company’s needs for operations, transactions, or functional requirements. It serves as an analytical tool for wei...

Financial technology (FinTech) has transformed the landscape of financial services, evolving significantly over the decades. Here's a breakdown of its history, key milestones, and current trends: Early Foundations (1950s - 1960s) Credit Cards and ATMs (1950s...

The digitization of financial services has fundamentally reshaped the banking industry, fostering increased consumer confidence in digital transactions and driving a global shift towards online banking. Traditional financial institutions have embraced digital ...

FinTech, or Financial Technology, has rapidly evolved in the 21st century, transforming the financial services industry. Initially focused on improving the back-end systems of banking, FinTech now encompasses a wide range of consumer-oriented services, fundame...

FinTech is fundamentally reshaping the financial services sector, driving innovation and expanding the scope of finance. Its impact is widespread, influencing both consumers and businesses. Key Impacts and Benefits Increased Adoption: According to EY's Fin...

FinTech encompasses a diverse range of technologies and services, continuously evolving with technological advancements. Here's a breakdown of key FinTech categories: 1. Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies: Blockchain: A decentralized and secure digital ledger...

In today's dynamic financial landscape, collaboration between traditional financial institutions and FinTech start-ups is crucial for sustained success. Banks and financial institutions recognize that innovation is key to profitability and market relevance. Th...

The Global Financial Crisis highlighted significant weaknesses in regulatory monitoring and compliance within the financial services sector. This, coupled with the rapid evolution of FinTech, has spurred the growth of RegTech (Regulatory Technology). RegTech l...

Introduction: The Digital Revolution and Financial Transformation The past two decades have ushered in a profound transformation in how people connect and interact, largely driven by the explosive growth of the internet and the diverse services it enables. Thi...

Types of Crowdfunding Crowdfunding offers various models for raising funds, each with distinct characteristics and purposes. Here's a breakdown of the different types: 1. Donation-Based Crowdfunding Description: Contributors donate money to support a projec...

Traditional Funding Models Traditional funding models rely on established financial institutions and networks. Here's a breakdown: 1. Self-Funding (Bootstrapping): Description: Using personal savings, credit cards, or assets. Pros: Full ownership and contro...